Video feedback compared to treatment as usual in families with parent–child interactions problems: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND For the first time to our knowledge, short- and long-term effects of a multi-site randomized-controlled trial (RCT) of video feedback of infant-parent interaction (VIPI) intervention in naturalistic settings are published. The intervention targets families with children younger than 2 years old and parent-child interactions problems. Outcome variables were 1) observed parent-child interactions and 2) parent-reported child social and emotional development. Between-group differences of the moderating effects of parental symptoms of depression, personality disorders traits, and demographic variables were investigated. METHOD The study had a parallel-group, consecutively randomized, single-blinded design; participants were recruited by health- and social workers. Seventy-five families received VIPI, and 57 families received treatment as usual (TAU). Videotapes of each parent-child interactions were obtained before treatment, right after treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up and coded according to Biringen's Emotional Availability Scales. Parental symptoms of depression and personality disorder traits were included as possible moderators. RESULTS Evidence of a short-term effect of VIPI treatment on parent-child interactions was established, especially among depressed parents and parents with problematic interactions-and, to some extent, among parents with dependent and paranoid personality disorder traits. A long-term positive effect of VIPI compared with TAU on child social/emotional development was also evident. In a secondary analysis, VIPI had a direct positive effect on the depressive symptoms of parents compared with TAU. CONCLUSION The findings of the study support the use of VIPI as an intervention in families with interaction difficulties. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN99793905.